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James Baldwin was an African-American author who, like many black men and women, struggled.

After 1948 he lived alternately in France and the U.S. Racism has been a part of American and world history for centuries, and has become a pattern in cultures. He grew up in poverty in the New York City district of Harlem and became a preacher while in his teens. His eloquence and passion on the subject of race made him for years perhaps the country's most prominent black writer (1924-1987) African-American writer and civil rights activist, author of "The Fire Next Time" and "Another Country Связанные Термины James Arthur Baldwin born Aug. His semiautobiographical first novel, Go Tell It on the Mountain (1953), regarded as his finest, was followed by the essay collections Notes of a Native Son (1955) and Nobody Knows My Name (1961) the novels Giovanni's Room (1956), a story of homosexual life, and Another Country (1962) the long polemical essay The Fire Next Time (1963), prophesying widespread racial violence and the play Blues for Mister Charlie (produced 1964). After 1948 he lived alternately in France and the U.S.